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Train Fare Evasion Prosecution Scandal

Thousands of people prosecuted by rail companies in England and Wales for travelling without a ticket may be eligible for compensation, following a 2024 court ruling. If you have been affected, you could be entitled to a refund and be able to claim compensation for the unlawful retention of your data.

Key points for making an injury claim

The most important things to remember when making a train fare evasion prosecution claim:

  • Between 2017 and 2023, over 74,000 people were wrongly prosecuted for train fare evasion using a legal process that was not permitted for these offences, rendering many of the convictions unlawful.
  • Train companies involved include Northern Rail, Greater Anglia, TransPennine Express, Avanti West Coast, Great Western Railway, Merseyrail and Arriva Rail North.
  • If you were affected, you may be entitled to compensation for fines paid, emotional distress, financial loss and the unlawful use of your personal data.
  • Express Solicitors offers a free consultation, and your claim can be handled on a no win no fee basis.

What is the Train Fare Evasion Prosecution Scandal?

Thousands of people in England and Wales who were prosecuted by rail companies for travelling without a ticket may now be eligible for compensation after a court ruled these prosecutions unlawful.

Seven train companies incorrectly used the Single Justice Procedure (SJP) to prosecute passengers for train fare evasion. Over 74,000 cases dating back to 2017 are believed to be affected.

The SJP, which was introduced to speed up minor offences, was misused to pursue fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889, which is not eligible for the fast-track system. This has major implications, as any fines already paid must now be repaid, potentially costing millions of pounds.

The companies involved include Northern Rail, Greater Anglia, TransPennine Express, Avanti West Coast, Great Western Railway and Merseyrail. Only specific offences set out by Parliament can be pursued by train operators in SJP courts, and these companies, acting as private prosecutors, had been using the system beyond what is legally permitted.

Authorities have contacted, or are contacting, all affected individuals. If your case has been quashed by the courts, you may be eligible for a refund and compensation. If you have not been contacted, you should call HM Courts & Tribunals Service (HMCTS) on 0300 303 0656 and have your case reference, account number or any relevant correspondence ready.

Anyone impacted is entitled to a refund from the train company and may also be able to claim compensation for the unlawful retention of personal data. The unlawful prosecutions mean that authorities obtained personal information without proper authority. Convictions may also appear on criminal records, and details are likely stored on the Police National Computer, which can be accessed by police forces and relevant agencies, potentially having a detrimental impact on individuals.

The misuse of the SJP to prosecute fare evasion has been referred to as the Train Fare Prosecution Scandal, and it is considered one of the largest recent miscarriages of justice in British legal history in terms of numbers.

What is the Single Justice Procedure?

The Single Justice Procedure (SJP) was introduced by the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 and came into effect in 2016 to allow certain minor offences to be dealt with quickly without a full court hearing. Cases are decided based on written evidence, and defendants receive a notice allowing them to plead guilty by post, avoiding a court hearing. Defendants can also request a hearing if they wish.

Under the law, cases handled through this system must not carry a prison sentence. However, several train companies wrongly used the SJP to prosecute fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889, which can carry a prison term. In 2024, a court ruled that these prosecutions were unlawful and the convictions should be overturned.

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Who does this affect?

Those affected by the ruling were prosecuted between 2017 and 2023 under section 5(1) or section 5(3) of the Regulation of Railways Act 1889. The prosecutions were carried out by one of the following companies:

  • TransPennine
  • Northern Rail
  • Avanti West Coast
  • Greater Anglia
  • Great Western Railway
  • Merseyrail
  • Arriva Rail North

The courts are contacting individuals affected by these unlawful prosecutions.

Reaching everyone can be challenging, as the cases cover several years and some people may have moved, so contact details on record could be out of date.

Anyone prosecuted by one of the involved rail companies between 2017 and 2024 for travelling without a valid ticket may be entitled to a refund and could also claim compensation.

Types of loss you can claim for

In addition to reimbursement for any direct financial loss resulting from the prosecution, you may be able to claim for other types of loss. For example, if you experienced distress or a worsening of pre-existing anxiety or depression, you may be entitled to compensation. Distress generally includes anxiety, upset, mental anguish, or sleepless nights caused by being subjected to a criminal sanction, though this list is not exhaustive.

Compensation may also be awarded for the unlawful retention of your personal data, or simply as a result of the unlawful prosecution itself. The amount awarded will depend on the extent to which you have suffered as a result of the prosecution.

You may also be able to recover other financial losses, such as loss of earnings, reputational damage, or loss of future income.

If you are unsure whether you can make a claim for any consequences arising from your prosecution, please contact us to discuss your situation

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Breaches of your data protection rights

As a result of the prosecution, your personal data may be held unlawfully on various police databases. At the time of the incident, you were required to provide personal details to allow the prosecution to proceed. This information constitutes ‘personal data’, and the prosecuting authority is legally obliged to handle it appropriately. Since the prosecution has been deemed unlawful, it follows that the authority acted unlawfully in obtaining your personal data.

In addition, when a conviction is recorded, it is usually retained by the relevant police force, the court and the rail company. The conviction is also added to your Police National Computer (PNC) record a national database accessible to all police forces and other authorised agencies. A conviction on your PNC may have negative consequences, for example when applying for certain jobs or travelling abroad, as some authorities may require access to this information.

In summary, your personal data may be being retained unlawfully by multiple entities as a result of the unlawful prosecution.

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The Express Group Actions team has years of experience supporting clients with data breach, data protection and cybercrime claims against large organisations. We have been part of the biggest group action settlement in England and Wales in respect of a data breach. We understand the harm and distress that can result when your personal information is not handled properly or has been compromised. We are committed to helping you secure the compensation you deserve.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why make a claim for unlawful retention of data?

The unlawful retention of your personal data is a breach of data protection and human rights. Police and other agencies have a responsibility to remove any data that is not legally held.

Retaining such data can cause:

  • Stress, worry and emotional distress.
  • Financial or reputational harm.
  • The appearance of criminal involvement, which can affect jobs, education, or travel.

Compensation may be available to cover losses and provide redress for the distress caused by the unlawful retention of your information.

How much will it cost me to make a data breach claim?

No upfront costs. Express Solicitors offer a no-win, no-fee service for cases with a reasonable prospect of success. Under this arrangement:

  • You will not have to pay any fees if your case is unsuccessful.
  • You will only pay a small percentage if you win and are awarded compensation.

What can I claim for?

You may be able to claim reimbursement for direct financial losses resulting from the prosecution. This can include:

  • Loss of earnings, such as time off work due to the stress of the situation.
  • Reputational harm that affects current or future employment opportunities.
  • Future loss of income, for example, if a job offer was withdrawn because of the prosecution appearing on your record.

You may also be able to claim for other types of loss, including emotional distress. This can cover anxiety, depression, or general distress caused by the prosecution.

Our team can advise you on the specific types of losses you may be entitled to claim in your individual circumstances.

What should I do if I think my data has been breached?

The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), the UK’s independent data privacy regulator, can impose substantial fines on organisations that fail to comply with the Data Protection Act. Details of any breaches are published on the ICO website, allowing you to check whether you may have been affected.

If you become aware that a company has been fined by the ICO for a data breach and believe you may have been affected, you should seek legal advice promptly. Express Solicitors can assess whether you are entitled to claim compensation and, if appropriate, pursue your case on a no-win, no-fee basis.

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